Al-Beruni (973-1048 A.D.):
Al-Beruni was one of the most famous scientist of the Islamic world. He was a very prolific writer and wrote more than 150 books on various subjects like mathematics, physics, geography, astronomy, cosmology, archaeology, history, biology,geology, chemistry, comparative religion, culture, and civilization. He discussed the functioning of earth, moon,sun and planets in his book "Qanoon Al-Masudi". He elaborated a method for determination of longitude and latitude of a place on earth. He was born in Afghanistan.
Al-Razi (864-930 A.D.):
Zakariya Al-Razi was a very famous philosopher and surgeon of the Muslim world. He was physician who for the first time used opium as anaesthesia during surgery. He classified the substances as being living or non-living. He also prepared alcohol by fermentation method. Al-Razi was not only the greatest physicians of Islam but also one of the greatest physician of all times.
Abu Ali Ibne-Sina (980-1037 A.D):
Ibne-Sina was greatest of all Muslim scientist and is considered to be one of the founders of medicine. Besides medicine, he made very important contribution to the fields of mathematics, astronomy, medicinal, chemistry, philosophy, paleontology and music. His most famous book is "Al-Qanun" in which he discussed human philosophy and medicine. He was born in Afshana near Bukhara which is now in Uzbekistan, Central Asia.
Jabir-Ibn-Hayyan (721-803 A.D.)
Jabir Ibn Hayyan is known as the father of chemistry. He devised methods for preparation of number of important chemicals like hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and white lead. He gave the methods for extraction of metals and preparation of dyes for cloths. He gave protocols for number of chemical reactions. One of his fields of interests was trigonometry.
Abdul Ali Hassan Ibn-al-Haitham (965-1039 A.D.)
Ibn-al-Haitham was a great scholar of physics, mathematics, medicine, engineering, astronomy and optics. His famous book "Kitab-ul-Manazir" describes the nature of light and the phenomenon of vision. He described the function of human eye in his book. He was the first scientist to elaborate two laws of reflection of light. He constructed a pinhole camera and studied formation of images. He declared light as a form of energy and gave a formal definition of ray of light. He was born in Basra.
Muhammad-bin-Musa Khawarizmi (780-850 A.D.):
Musa Khawarizmi was a member of Mamun-ur-Rashid"s Bait-ul-Hikmah, the house of wisdom. His most important work was published in two monograph namely "Hisab" and "Aljabar-wal-Muqabla. The first deals with arithmetical operations and the second deals with algebra. He introduced the method of counting based on numerals and decimal system used all over the world. He use geometrical constructions for the first time for solving algebraic problems. He was one of the greatest mathematicians. He was born in Khawarizim.
Ali Bin Rabban Tubri (775-8
70 A.D.):
Ali Bin Rabban Tubri worked in many fields of science like zoology, psychology, philosophy, and astronomy. He was a great scientist of his age. He wrote the book "Firdaus-ul-Hikmah". He was born in Tubristan.
Kamal-ud-Din-al-Damiri (14th Centur
y A.D.):
Kamal-ud-Din-al-Damiri wasa very famous zoologist. He wrote a book entitled "Hayat-al-Haywan", the life of animals. The book describes about one thousand of animals. He also gave ideas about evolution of the animals.
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan:
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was born on 1st April,1936 at Bhopal in India. He got his early education there. Then he studied in Holland and got his M.Sc. from Holland where he appointed as a research assistant. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from University Leaven in Belgium. He worked as an expert Urenco Enrichment Plant in Holland. He was invited by the Government of Pakistan to star an atomic plant. He returned to Pakistan to serve the nation. The former engineer lab at Kahuta was named as A.Q.Khan Laboratories. He was awarded by Hilal-i-Imtiaz by the Government of Pakistan. Based on Dr.A.Q.Khan's Laboratories Pakistan was able to become the first nuclear state in Muslim nations on May 28,1998.
Dr. Abdus Salam:
Dr. Abdus Salam was born in Jhang in 1926. He got his M.Sc. from government college where he also worked as a lecturer. He got his higher education from England. He performed research there in the field of theoretical physics. He was awarded by Nobel Prize in 1979 for his theory of subatomic"N" particles and unification of forces. He died in 1997.
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